What Is the Never Again Students

Transformational Pupil Leaders from the #NeverAgain Movement

Wiki Checkpoint 2: Case Page

PSY 532: Spring, 2018

Audrey Comeaux, Jessica Giannasca, Janet Martinez, and Racquel Roy

http://www.azfamily.com/story/37789601/parkland-survivors-featured-on-cover-of-time-magazine

Bear upon Statement:

It reads similar Mon morning time roll call while the names are chosen out, one past i, the hundreds of students killed during a school shooting in the past twenty years. Since the tragedy of Columbine High School unfolded in 1999, when twelve students and one teacher were killed (Roberts, 2018) at that place have been at least 208 school shootings in the Us, creating an entire generation of students who do non recall a fourth dimension when their schools could potentially exist the next one-sided battlefield. On February fourteen, 2018 at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Loftier Schoolhouse in Parkland, Florida, students found themselves utilizing their preparation from the safe school drills to barricade themselves from the shooter'southward indiscriminate gunshots. When the firing ceased, seventeen lives were lost, numerous others were seriously injured, and the #Never Again Motion was born. Students from the school united in their grief decided the simply style to take safe schools was to need changes to state and federal gun laws, then they took their demands directly to lawmakers.  Less than one calendar month afterward the shooting, Florida governor Rick Scott signed the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High Schoolhouse Public Safety Act, which raises the minimum age for buying firearms to 21, establishes waiting periods and background checks, provides a plan for the arming of some teachers and the hiring of school police, bans crash-land stocks and bars potentially trigger-happy or mentally unhealthy people from possessing guns (Jarvie, 2018).  On March 24, 2018, the #Never Again Movement took the lead in the March for our Lives demonstration in Washington, D.C., where over 500,000 individuals participated. The #Never Once again Motility as well caused an unprecedented wave of businesses recognizing their moral responsibilities to the communities around them thus severing ties with the National Burglarize Association (NRA) which signaled to the students, an understanding and an respond to their weep for change.

Situation and Summary of Event:

On February fourteen, 2018, a xix-yr-erstwhile former student carried a black duffle bag containing an AR-15 (automatic burglarize) and opened fire into the freshman edifice at Marjory Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, carrying out one of the deadliest schoolhouse massacres in history. In total, seventeen people were killed; seventeen more were injured; the bulk of the dead and injured were students (Durando, 2018). Different the many schoolhouse shootings from the recent past, the cries of despair grew quickly into a groundswell of resolve to make a change that "ignited student-led campaigns confronting gun violence that have seen anguished teenagers pb rousing rallies, impassioned appeals" (Durando, 2018)which has since resulted in a never-been-seen-earlier shift for major retailers who have changed their policies on gun sales and has gathered political leaders together in a bipartisan way to make permanent change in gun laws. The motility "#NeverAgain" thrust average teenagers from their everyday lives into the national spotlight challenging the NRA, politicians, and all others who have failed to protect the students of the United States. These students accept risen up to get the transformational leaders of their time.

The accent of transformational leadership is "on intrinsic motivation and the positive development of followers" (Bass and Riggio, 2006, p. xi). The social movement of #NeverAgain provides a recent example of how leadership can occur at any level and bulldoze positive modify when the goal is important enough and the inherent values are shared. Merely three days after the killings and mere hours into their grieving as a result of 1 of the most painful tragedies a community and a family can suffer, high school student, Emma Gonzalez spoke at a rally against gun laws and said, "All these people should exist at home grieving. But instead we are upwardly hither, continuing together, because if all our government and president tin practice is send 'thoughts and prayers' then it'south fourth dimension for victims to be the modify that nosotros need to see" (Speegle, 2018). Transformational leaders similar Emma Gonzalez have emerged, who possess an arcadian influence and who are able to passionately articulate a "collective sense of mission" (Bass and Riggio, 2006, p. 6). Other students such as Sarah Chadwick carried a sign at a rally in response to President Trump's offering of condolences which read, "We don't want your thoughts and condolences, we want policy and change" (Speegle, 2018). These students desire change, real change, the type of change that their current leaders have been unable to make. The students are using their tragedy to pb transformational change by crying out to forbid some other shooting like the i that took identify at their school.

Marking the one month ceremony of the Parkland shooting, on March xiv, 2018 the #NeverAgain move organized a "National Walkout" 24-hour interval for students across the The states. With thousands beyond the United States unified in a unmarried purpose, students left their classrooms, gathered together with locked arms, and chanted, "We desire modify," "Enough is plenty," and "Nosotros deserve better"  (Bacon and Hayes, 2018). Nearly schools, teachers, and parents accommodated the demonstration while others argued the disruption was non helping the crusade. However, "this day's voice belonged to the students" (Salary and Hayes, 2018) and not merely this day only also the days leading up to the massive "March for Our Lives" rally in Washington D.C. which is estimated to exist the largest single-day consequence always seen with an estimated 800,000 protesters participating (Durando, 2018).

Emerging Transformational Pupil Leaders and Connecting Transformational Theory Concepts:

The #NeverAgain movement has created transformational leaders from inside the school walls of Marjory Stoneman Douglas Loftier Schoolhouse and beyond to other pupil leaders beyond the country.  There are several student leaders who possess the qualities deserving to be highlighted as the truthful transformational leaders of a nationwide movement. We will examine those leaders and their traits and behaviors which place them into a category of transformational leaders.

Possibly one of the most polarizing transformational leaders to emerge from the #NeverAgain movement is the already mentioned, Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School senior, Emma Gonzalez. Several days later the Parkland shooting when Emma Gonzalez stepped forrard onto a national platform and delivered her emotionally-charged voice communication, she became the rallying point for the student-led motility. Gonzalez swept abroad tears while she read from her notes with passionate pleas, maxim that "if all the government and President can do is send thoughts and prayers, then it is time for the victims to be the change that we need to seek" (CNN). Competing with rousing applause from the audience, the teenager continued to speak about the ease with which Floridians could obtain guns, including automated rifles and the lack of laws regarding registration of artillery or even limitations. Citing high school history on the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, Gonzalez states, "The guns have changed, the laws accept non", summarizing that the writers of the Constitution could not have foreseen how drastically the intent to deport arms would change in the hands of the mentally ill, the dislocated youth, and with arms that could devastate a high schoolhouse in under five minutes. According to Peter Northouse, transformational leadership is "a process that changes and transforms people" (p. 161), it appeals to the emotional and the ethical, and information technology feeds on change; in some cases, unrelenting change. Emma Gonzalez has exhibited an uncompromising inspired vision of modify, articulating the fears of her peers and the demands of making school a safer place. Gonzalez has been "willing to change the status quo and step into the unknown" (Northouse, 2015, p. 174), challenging the likes of the NRA, the government, and any other developed or arrangement seeking to push back against the merits that gun laws are the root of the problem, something that lawmakers have been terrified to do for fear of backfire. As many lawmakers and businesses scurry around to make competing claims to undermine the motility'south momentum, in that location is one thing they have not counted on and that is an of import and "incorruptible value: the American teen-ager's disdain for hypocrisy" (Witt, 2018).

Another transformational leader in the wake of the tragedy is Cameron Kasky who came upward with the proper name of the movement #NeverAgain while notwithstanding in his Ghostbusters pajamas. He later created a hub in his basement to drive strategy and develop communication with other beau students including Alfonso Calderon to help the vision of their movement to become a reality. The Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School students were compelled to human activity and "not to sit quietly in the shadows, as they grieved the loss of their friends and teachers" (Witt, 2018).  They took action past "creating various social media accounts and a Go Fund Me page to raise money for sensation and a call for activeness (Witt, 2018). "Jaclyn Corin, the bubbly junior grade president did a 50-page term paper on gun control last year" (Alter, 2018, p. 29)  took much of what she learned from the her research and her experience and organized "roughly 100 students to travel to Tallahassee to antechamber the state legislature" (Change, 2018, p. 29) to fight for gun law changes. This Junior class president also urged her followers to contact their representatives and spoke to a Florida congresswoman about gun control the day after the candlelight vigil for her close friend" (Witt, 2018).  Also, Lane Murdock, only xv years old, and a sophomore at a Connecticut loftier schoolhouse, "internalized the Parkland school shooting violence into plausible action" (Kaleem & Agrawal, 2018, Feb 23) as she led the charge for a national high school walkout on March 20, 2018, prompting thousands of students and staff to peacefully organize and show their solidarity, regardless of political views (Kaleem & Agrawal, 2018).  These students have exhibited the competencies of "social architects" (Northouse, 2015, p. 176) which are at the very heart of transformational leadership. With footling to no training, the students have successfully been able to critically evaluate the problem, foster strategies of creative thinking, have conveyed their vision through prolific communication, and have successfully empowered their followers to fight for their shared mission (Bass and Riggio, 2005). They are also "helping their followers to exist open to change and overcome their own self-interests to support the crusade" (Northouse, 2015, p. 175) inclusive of businesses and lawmakers in a way that few have been able to do in the past regarding this hotly debated subject of gun control.

Vision lies within the center of the beholder and oftentimes when tragedies occur, more than one transformational leader emerges. Though the leaders might share the ultimate vision, they practise non always share the same path and they exercise not sway from their individualized convictions. This statement has proven axiomatic in Parkland student, Kyle Kashuv. While the majority of Kashuv'southward classmates focused on changing gun laws to protect students from more shootings, Kashuv, an abet of the Second Amendment, went against the masses of the movement and spoke openly about his contrary viewpoints and optional solutions. "I've always been outspoken," he said. "Only I saw at that place wasn't a conservative Second Amendment supporter existence represented" (Zak, 2018).  Therefore, Kyle Kashuv went to Washington D.C. to run across with Senators on both sides of the alley and met with Melania and President Trump to talk over his vision and his desire to have bi-partisan plans to get there. Kashuv also believes it is disquisitional to solve mental health issues before violence occurs. Kashuv believes the Parkland massacre could accept been prevented at many different levels (Zak, 2018) and pointed to the gross systemic issues where communication is fractured between law enforcement agencies and due to that breakdown, lives have been lost. Additionally, Kashuv believes that there are students are emotionally struggling and merely demand help. Kashuv mentioned that the Parkland shooter was considered an "outcast of the outcasts" (Zah, 2018).  Perhaps past developing applications and other technologies, students would be able to attain out to their peers and inquire for help or friendship. Equally a direct result of these conclusions, in the days after the shooting Kyle worked tirelessly to develop an app called Reach Out which provides streamlined communication for police enforcement, and allows a platform for students to aid other students.  Kashuv views this equally absolutely necessary (Zak, 2018) and hopes that better, more than open communication might mitigate the loss of life.  Kashuv's self-funded application is nearing its debut.  Kashuv, like his peers, have demonstrated a unique skill of transformational leaders: an ability to communicate effectively and thus convey an "appealing hereafter state" (Bass & Riggio,2006, p.151) of their vision and march fearlessly forrard to drive a path to change.

Transformational leadership posits that in lodge to motivate followers, "leaders must possess the skill of emotional communication in order to finer and accurately inspire through emotional messages" (Bass & Riggio, 2006, p. 112). The emerging transformational student leaders of the #NeverAgain Movement take closely followed Kouzes and Posner's model of leadership which includes five cardinal practices that "enable leaders to get extraordinary things achieved" (Northouse, 2015, p. 174) which include the following practices: "(1) model the way, (2) inspire a shared vision, (iii) challenge the process, (four) enable others to act and; (5) encourage the centre" (Northouse, 2015, p. 174-175).  Many of the transformational leaders who have emerged from the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School are part of the drama club (Witt, 2018). According to Lithwick and Weissman, "these skills take prepared them for this fight of their lives" (2018).  The skillsets learned in programs such as debate course and an honour-winning school newspaper have direct impacted the movement's foundational aspects of transformational leadership. These students know how to create a platform and exhibit visionary leadership based on emotion, passion, moral reasoning and strong influence (Northouse, 2015, p. 161). This type of leadership could be considered inspirational, requiring a sure level of charisma to provide meaning and claiming the status-quo.  These students are "painting an optimistic future, molding expectations" and "thinking ahead" (Bass and Riggio, 2005, p. 28).

"The give-and-take Charisma was first used to draw a special gift that certain individuals possess that gives them the capacity to do extraordinary things (Northouse, 2015, p. 164)" Charismatic individuals are dominant, accept a strong want to influence others, are self-confident, and take a strong sense of moral values (Northouse, 2015, p. 161). Students similar Emma Gonzalez and another classmate, David Hogg, exude charisma and take used this feature to create momentum and pressure throughout the move. David Hogg is an aspiring journalist studying TV production at Stoneman Douglas. He calls himself the "press secretarial assistant" of the #NeverAgain Movement (Modify, 2018, p. 29) uses his journalistic skills to inspire and influence other students.

http://world wide web.latimes.com/nation/la-na-parkland-student-activists-20180223-htmlstory.html

Recognize how the theory can exist used to resolve the effect/trouble:

Dr. Richard K. Nongard provided this definition of Transformational Leadership:

"Transformational Leadership is a grade of synergetic leadership, on which motivation to action comes from the leader's own growth and enthusiasm for new possibilities. Transformational Leadership is a dynamic leadership that recognizes change as a abiding and that as a effect, leadership is an ongoing function of organizational and individual health. Transformational Leadership utilizes process that has shown efficacy to create lasting alter in individuals, communities, organizations, and even the globe" (Nongard, 2014, p. 10).

Bass and Riggio indicate that, to be effective during times of crisis, transformational leadership is essential. Leaders need to encourage their followers to run into by their immediate needs and reactions. The leaders need to encourage followers to overcome obstacles to achieve the objectives identified. They need to at-home the fears of their followers and urge them not to be reactive. The transformational leader will "place and publicize the inadequacy of defensive pseudo solutions." In the immediate backwash of a crisis situation, the leader will demand to provide clear, confident direction for setting the stage for the leader's vision of the future (Bass & Riggio, 2006, p. 75).

The Parkland students have been the very definition of transformation as they have turned tragedy and crunch into an opportunity for meaningful change. The students have convinced their followers to place their grief on hold temporarily while they brainstorm the fight for their lives. They recognize that a group of children in a fight against politicians and the National Rifle Association (NRA) will non exist easy but their message is clear- "We're going to show these politicians that nosotros're coming for them. The earth failed u.s. and we're here to make a new one that's going to be easier on the side by side generation. If they're against that, so become out"  (Alter, 2018, p. 31) cried out David Kasky; adding that "You lot take two options. One: do what we say. Or 2: enjoy your last term" (Alter, 2018, p.31). Delaney Tarr says, "this isn't near Republicans or Democrats, this is nearly saving lives" (Alter, 2018, p. 31). The lawmakers have been responding to the concerns while weighing their options confronting a political powerhouse similar the NRA and the lack of potential entrada funding. The movement #NeverAgain is challenging morality and personal responsibleness with the threat of losing fiscal relevancy.  These young people who take dubbed themselves the "mass shooting generation" are irresolute the face of activism (Alter, 2018, p. 28) and inspiring modify amid their peers and the many adults watching in awe at what is being achieved.

Inspirational leaders promote the motion'due south mission and its importance. They must remain optimistic about the outcomes and boost the follower's confidence in the mission. They will inspire a clear purpose and direction. Ideally, the leader will be charismatic and have a reputation of integrity, capability, and success. They are role models who others will desire to emulate (Bass & Riggio, 2006, p. 142). "Transformational leadership is, at its core, about issues effectually the processes of transformation and alter (Bass & Riggio, 2006, p. 225)." In the application of the transformational leadership, the students have been role models, utilizing idealized influence assuasive for their followers to identify with them, want to exist more like them and in doing so, have started many of their own movements in creating change. The students have had "high standards of moral and ethical bear" and their followers respect and "trust their vision and mission" (Northouse, 2015, p. 167).

These students wish to bring attention to many other of import issues surrounding the "school shooting generation: the kids who grew up mail service-Columbine, who huddled behind barricades during agile shooter drills and learned to tape construction paper over classroom windows" (Modify, 2018, p.31). Hogg envisions almanac marches to take place on March 24th in which angry teens demand action on everything from "campaign- finance reform to net neutrality to climate change" (Change, 2018, p. 31). Nonetheless, he has made it clear that, fifty-fifty if comprehensive gun laws do non become passed in response to their demands, "today'due south teenage rebels volition become tomorrow'south institution leaders, informed by the experience that may already be shaping the gun debate" (Modify, 2018, p.31).These transformational leaders are moving followers to exercise extraordinary things past helping them to realize the identified goals, surpassing their ain interests for the greater expert, and addressing higher-level needs (Northouse, 2015, p.166). David Hogg and the other students are identifying the goals of the movement through the utilise of four factors: one) Idealized Influence (Charisma); ii) Inspirational Motivation; three) Intellectual Stimulation; and 4) Individualized Consideration (Northouse, 2015, p.167).

Arguably the most impactful of these four factors, the Parkland students have created a vision that is simple, understandable, beneficial, and creates energy and without recognizing it, the students are using inspirational motivation. These leaders are ones who "inspire followers to come across high standards by motivating them to get committed to a shared vision. They play on followers' emotions to encourage them to reach more than than they would commonly attain" (Northouse, 2015, p. 169) and achieve more than than anyone expected them to accomplish. The compelling nature of their vision tugs at the emotions of followers, encouraging them to support the crusade. The followers are empowered because they want to be function of such a worthy cause. The vision was created from the needs of the followers equally well as the needs of all young people. And, although the leaders communicate the vision and encourage the followers to achieve the goal, the vision originates from both the leader and followers. These students have created a vision to change gun laws in our land. They have mobilized young people of the world to accept a new identity through this movement. They have earned the trust of followers by articulating the need for change as well as the path to modify despite the high degree of uncertainty and adversity they confront. They understood that it would exist hard for a grouping of children to convince politicians to alter, but they remained focused on their power to create a meaningful change in spite of that challenge (Northouse, 2015, p. 173).

Outcomes of the #NeverAgain Movement:

Transformational change is not piece of cake when challenging a political establishment such equally the National Rifle Clan (NRA) yet, an aspect of transformational leadership stimulates followers to be artistic in how they approach a given situation and demands that the status quo be challenged by "budgeted old situations in new ways" (Bass and Riggio, 20016, p. vii). The students of Parkland High School have led a significant change through their passionate speeches, calling upon and calling out political figures and businesses who receive favor from the NRA. Mounting pressure from the #NeverAgain move and the media has seen unprecedented disengagement from companies with long term relationships who have cut ties with the NRA. Companies such every bit MetLife, Avis, Hertz, Delta Airlines, United Airlines, Symantec, Chubb, and Kickoff National Bank of Omaha (Siegel, 2018). The students have succeeded where others have failed for years. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this movement, co-ordinate to one survey, support for stronger gun laws went up to 68% later on the shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School in February (Alter, 2018, p. 28); "another poll reports that back up for the NRA is also downward to 37%, the first fourth dimension since 2000 that they were viewed and so negatively" (Alter, 2018, p. 28). These outcomes demonstrate the affect that the motility is having on the censor of American voters.

Some other meaning outcome are recent changes to Florida'southward gun laws. Florida has been known for existence particularly soft on gun laws and has not passed a significant piece of gun legislation in over twenty years. However, on March 9, 2018, a new bill was passed in Florida which bans bump stocks, imposes waiting periods, raises minimum age to buy a weapon and allows law enforcement to take guns from mentally ill individuals. "Sixty-vii NRA endorsed Republicans voted for the bill, and the gun friendly GOP Governor Scott signed it" (Modify, 2018, p.28). Powerful retail establishments have too answered to the #NeverAgain motility'due south cry for change and are taking a dissimilar stance on gun control measures by changing corporate policies for consumers seeking to buy firearms. Most notably, the globe's largest retailer, Walmart announced it would "no longer sell firearms and ammunition to anyone nether twenty-one years of age";  Kroger, and Fifty.50. Bean apace followed suit with the same policy change. Dick'southward Sporting Appurtenances appear it would stop selling attack-style rifles and raised minimum age to buy a firearm from eighteen to twenty-i" (Siegel, 2018). These retailers might not have ever made changes to policies which enabled consumers to easily purchase guns which ways the move is already having positive influence and could potentially exist saving lives. Here is an example of what Dick's Sporting Goods public relations put out in response to their changes due to the movement:

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/concern/wp/2018/02/28/dicks-sporting-goods-ceo-says-company-will-no-longer-sell-attack-rifles-guns-to-people-under-21/?utm_term=.2462725b0804

Yet another outcome of the contempo events has been widened back up across the United States for new and tougher laws. Every bit previously cited, a nationwide schoolhouse walkout result was organized equally a effect of this movement to protest the school shooting epidemic. This organized effect united 1 meg students across the land who left their classrooms in back up of gun police change (Change, 2018, p.28) and later in the month, the motility led demonstrators to Washington DC for the March for Your Lives event, with demonstrations in all 50 states and on vi continents. "The goal of March for Our Lives was to expand voter registration among young people who are tired of beingness afraid to go to school and who will need alter by invoking their right to vote" (Alter, 2018, p. 28) and to proceed the movement alive and in the front of the minds of lawmakers to make the necessary changes. The result was an enormous success in terms of attendance; according to HeadCount, an organization that promotes participation in democracy, their volunteers registered more than than 4,800 new voters at 30 March for Our Lives events nationwide on March 24, 2018. "Those numbers are solely ink on paper," HeadCount spokesman Aaron Ghitelman told CNN, "That's non even counting people who may have gone online to register" (AJ Willingham, 2018). The system agreed to send volunteers to the demonstrations after hearing Emma Gonzalez's public plea for young people to speak with their vote.

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/03/24/march-our-lives-could-become-biggest-single-day-protest-d-c-nations-history/455675002/

Valerie Jarrett, a lawyer, baron and civic leader, was senior advisor to President Obama from 2009 to 2017. In a recent opinion piece for The Colina, she said:

"The Parkland survivors have mobilized a public outcry with staying power. I've been and then inspired past the #NeverAgain movement led by the youngest and most vulnerable amid us. They decided that plenty is plenty on lax gun laws and leaders who are more beholden to the interests of the NRA than they are to their fellow Americans. And in but days after the shooting and during CNN's town hall, students bravely spoke heartfelt truth to ability.

Many more than wielded social media to phone call out their critics and companies with partnerships with the NRA. They organized a nationwide schoolhouse walkout and the "March for Our Lives" in Washington D.C., and more 800 locations effectually the land, with a strong message of unity, forcefulness and conviction that should have awakened even the most conceited political leaders. They have generated both momentum and pressure.

Now we should all join the immature people demanding change. This should not be a partisan issue, for nosotros should all want our gild safe from gun violence. Merely if our elected officials do non fight for our guild, we volition vote them out of office. At that place are no more excuses. Change ofttimes seems incommunicable until it is inevitable. It becomes inevitable when ordinary Americans make up one's mind to make it happen. Nosotros all take the ability to create momentum and pressure. Enough is enough (The Hill, 2018)."

Transformational leaders inspire others to achieve dandy things; often rising up to meet the challenges when change is needed the about. This type of leader "understands and accommodates the needs of followers, are change agents who gear up a good example, create and clear a clear vision, empower others to meet higher standards, proceeds trust of others, and requite meaning to their system" (Northouse, 2015, p. 190). These students in a post-Parkland world are raising the social conscience of Americans, bringing an awareness about the devastation of school shootings upon students, and take become the voice of reason for all immature people demanding a safe place to go to schoolhouse. These students are transforming laws, policies, and lives. They are transformational leaders.

References:

AJ Willingham, C. (2018, March 26). Thousands of New Voters Signed Up During the March for Our Lives. CNN. Retrieved from: https://world wide web.cnn.com/2018/03/26/united states of america/march-for-our-lives-voters-registration-headcount-trnd/index.html.

Alter, C. (2018). The Immature and the Relentless. Time, 191(12), 24-31.

Salary, J. and Hayes, C. (2018, March 14). 'Nosotros Deserve Meliorate': Students Nationwide Walk Out in Massive Protestation Over Gun Violence. United states of america Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/03/14/thousands-students-across-u-south-walk-out-class-today-protest-gun-violence/420731002/

Bass, B. & Riggio, R. (2006). Transformational Leadership. Mahwah, New Bailiwick of jersey. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Durando, Jessica. (2018, March 24). March for Our Lives Could be the Biggest Unmarried-Day Protestation in D.C.'s History. USA Today. Retrieved from: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/03/24/march-our-lives-could-become-biggest-unmarried-day-protest-d-c-nations-history/455675002/

Gonzalez, Emma. (2018, Feb 17). Florida Educatee to NRA and Trump: ' We Telephone call BS'. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxD3o-9H1Y.

Jarvie, Jenny. (2018, March 5). Florida State Senate Passes a Marjory Stoneman Douglas Gun Control Act - and Some Call it an Insult to its Namesake. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-florida-gun-control-20180305-story.html.

Kaleem, J., & Agrawal, N. (2018, Feb 23). These are the Florida Students Behind the Motion to End Gun Violence. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from  http://world wide web.latimes.com/nation/la-na-parkland-pupil-activists-20180223-htmlstory.html .

Lithwick, D. (2018, February 28). Why Are the Parkland Teens So Skillful at This? Their Public School Prepared Them For It. Slate Mag. Retrieved from https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/02/the-pupil-activists-of-marjory-stoneman-douglas-loftier-demonstrate-the-ability-of-a-full-education.html .

Nongard, R. (2014). Transformational Leadership: How to Pb From Your Strengths and Maximize Your Bear on. Tulsa, Oklahoma. Peach Tree Professional Education, Inc.

Northouse, P.G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Yard Oaks, CA. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Roberts, Michael. (2018, April 13). Parkland Shooting 208th Since Columbine: The Tragic List. Westworld. Retrieved from http://www.westword.com/news/micronesian-workers-at-united-airlines-catering-section-at-denver-international-airport-endeavour-to-unionize-10198970.

Schouten, F. and Guadiano, North. (2018, Feb 28) Gun Control Groups Team with Students to Turn Parkland Shooting Anguish into Activism. The states Today. Retrieved from: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/02/28/gun-control-groups-squad-students-plough-parkland-shooting-anguish-into-activism/381319002/ .

Siegel, Rachel. (2018, March 2) Rental cars, hearing aids, insurers: Since Parkland, a list of companies that have taken action on guns. The Washington Postal service. Retrieved from: https://world wide web.washingtonpost.com/news/business organisation/wp/2018/03/02/rental-cars-hearing-aids-insurers-since-parkland-a-listing-of-companies-that-take-weighed-in-on-the-gun-debate/?utm_term=.f82675ff65a7

Speegle, Trey. (2018, February 18) #NeverAgain: Teens Organize & Speak Out After the Parkland Shooting (Is This Time Going to be Different?). World of Wonder. The Wow Study. Retrieved from: http://worldofwonder.internet/neveragain-teens-organize-speak-out-after-the-parkland-shooting-is-this-time-going-to-be-different/

Jarrett, Valerie. (2018, April). Parkland students turn deadly moment into crucial mission. The Hill. Retrieved from http://thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/381318-parkland-students-turn-mortiferous-moment-into-crucial-mission

Weissman, J. (2018, March iii). 4 Ways The #NeverAgain Students Create Impact. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jerryweissman/2018/03/03/4-means-the-neveragain-students-create-impact/#4ca60f21d27c

Witt, E. (2018, February 19). How the Survivors of Parkland Began the Never Once again Movement.The New Yorker.  Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-the-survivors-of-parkland-began-the-never-again-movement

Zak, Dan. (2018, March 9). A Bourgeois Parkland Student's Cyclone Trip to D.C. Ended in the Oval Role. The Washington Mail. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/mode/a-conservative-parkland-students-whirlwind-trip-to-dc-ended-in-the-oval-office/2018/03/09/8449c7da-221f-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.b1ce62c5abef

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Source: https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/P5PFLC/Transformational+Student+Leaders+from+the+%23NeverAgain+Movement

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